Caste Differentiation: Genetic And Epigenetic Factors

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Caste-specific expressed genes Different termite castes are generated essentially from a single genotype, and differential gene expression is involved in the development of their

Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms of Nutrition in Honey Bees

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Request PDF | Epigenetic code and insect behavioural plasticity | Although the nature of the genetic control of adaptive behaviours in insects is a major unresolved problem it Our focus here is on larval nutrition (Section 3) and adult nutrition (Section 4). H3K4me1 was predominantly localized in We discuss the qualitative differences, molecular signalling pathways, and epigenetic mechanisms Moreover, we identified Map3k15 as a potential caste gene in queen–worker differentiation. Our results suggest that chromosomal conformation and H3K27ac and

This means that the initiation and stability of development towards a caste must be mediated, to some extent, by epigenetic processes. Epigenetics refers to inherited (through cell divisions, not necessarily generations) changes Four differentially expressed miRNAs (mir-87a, 2765, 133, and 125) are shared between honeybees [84] and termites [83], suggesting that differential expression of miRNAs between

Our results suggest that epigenetic and hormonal regulations act synergistically for drive caste differentiation in Melipona and that 10HDA is not a caste-differentiation factor in For instance, H3K4me1 modification is suggested to act as an important regulatory factor in the establishment and maintenance of caste-specific transcriptional programs [30], The main difference between genetics and epigenetics is that genetics is the study of genes that control the functions of the body whereas epigenetics is the study of inheritable changes of the organisms caused by the

Eusocial insects exhibit the most striking example of phenotypic plasticity. There has been a long controversy over the factors determining caste development of individuals in social insects. Here we demonstrate in workers that parental phenotypes Our results suggest that sperm DNA methylation, which changes with the age of kings, is a potential transgenerational epigenetic factor involved in offspring caste

However recent data suggest that there are also genetic components biasing caste differentiation 65, 66, 67. For example, Acromyrmex echinatior represents a scenario where

Epigenetic processes in insect adaptation to environmental stress

Our results suggest that epigenetic and hormonal regulations may act synergistically to drive caste differentiation in Melipona and that 10HDA is not a caste Figure 3 – A schematic model on the interaction of caste genotype (heterozygosity at the two caste loci in queens, or homozygosity for at least one locus in workers), juvenile hormone (JH) Examples along the environmental–genetic caste determination continuum. Data types include genetic analyses (G), experimental data (E, breeding experiments and/or in vitro feeding), and

A schematic model on the interaction of caste genotype (heterozygosity at the two caste loci in queens, or homozygosity for at least one locus in workers), juvenile hormone (JH) production

Whereas environmental or social factors clearly influence the caste fate of late immature instars, the production of soldiers or the differentiation of neotenics, there is Here we review the molecular factors involved in caste determination and the differential regulation of caste-specific genes. Recent findings suggest that division of labor is Our extensive field survey and genetic analysis of the termite Reticulitermes speratus show that its breeding system is inconsistent with a genetic caste determination model.

Theories of caste development have also been proposed, describing how alternative caste morphology can arise from differential growth of imaginal disks, and how Taken together, our data indicate that epigenetic and hormonal regulations may act synergistically to drive caste differentiation in Melipona and that 10HDA is not a caste-differentiation factor The link between caste-specific differential methylation and maintenance of telomeres (chromosome ends) is intriguing because of its potential links to the biology of ageing.

Simple Summary Social insects can sometimes boldly invade new habitats, including areas of human habitation where they can become unwanted domestic or agricultural Caste is an ensemble of colony members that specialize on particular tasks for prolonged periods of time. In social insects, almost all have caste systems, which are determined by hormonal

Stingless bees of the genus Melipona, have long been considered an enigmatic case among social insects for their mode of caste determination, where in addition to larval Our data suggest that gene expression differences underlying caste differentiation are regulated by an interacting system of epigenetic modifications rather than dominated by a

Recent findings of candidate genes and pathways involved in caste differentiation in social insects represent an example of the importance of such studies. Although a ‘toolbox’ of Previous studies implicated metabolic flux acting via epigenetic regulation, in particular DNA methylation and microRNAs, in establishing distinct patterns of gene expression By Hoi Lam Daisy Choi. The nature-versus-nurture debate explores how genetics and environment shape behavior, particularly through epigenetics. Studies indicate that

While workers’ H3K4me1 was predominantly localized in promoter regions, close to transcription initiation sites, queen-specific H3K4me1 was predominantly located in intronic regions. 73 Selection presumably favors colonies that can adjust their division of labor in response to changing environmental demands, and for many taxa genetic and epigenetic

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