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Editorial: The Skin Immune Response To Infectious Agents

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The skin is a complex organ that not only acts as a barrier against infection and environmental insults but also uses the immune system for protection. There are two categories of skin immune defense: innate (or nonadaptive) immune responses and adaptive immune AUTHOR=Conceição-Silva Fatima , Morgado Fernanda N. , Pinheiro Roberta syndrome coronavirus 2 SARS CoV O. , Tacchini-Cottier Fabienne TITLE=Editorial: The Skin Immune Response to Infectious Agents JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology VOLUME=Volume 12 – 2021 YEAR=2022 In many instances, an appropriate immune response to an infectious agent requires reciprocal interactions between components of the innate and adaptive immune systems.

Innate Immune System Skin

Additionally, innate immunity serves as a physical barrier against the entrance of foreign agents (e.g. skin is a component of the innate immune system). By delivering foreign, processed antigens to adaptive immunity, the The most cited plant science journal, advancing our understanding of plant biology for sustainable food security, functional ecosystems and human health. The occurrence of many infectious diseases in children is directly related to initial viral infection, while the immune response against viral Infections is responsible for subsequent pathophysiological changes (Getts et al., 2013).

In addition to studies or reviews dedicated to the specific pathogens cited above, Martynova et al. reviewed the inflammasome contribution to the activation of Th1, Th2, and Th17 immune responses. Inflammasomes are cytosolic polyprotein complexes formed in response to antigens of all infectious agent types. The skin, together with other epithelial-cell interfaces with a hostile environment, supports a range of passive and active immune defence mechanisms. Cutaneous immune responses serve as a model

Physiology, Immune Response

When our bodies are exposed to disease-causing agents, such as bacteria and pathogens, our immune system kicks into action to defend against infection. The immune response is a complex system of interactions that involve various cells and molecules working together to recognize and eliminate the harmful invaders. One of the key players in the immune Conversely, the immune system has evolved to provide appropriate defense mechanisms at various levels of unspecific (innate) and specific (adaptive) immune responses. In many instances, an appropriate immune response to an infectious agent requires reciprocal interactions between the components of the innate and the adaptive immune The immune system comprises the innate immune response and the adaptive immune system. Innate immunity is an immediate response to a pathogen but has limited capacity to recognize antigens.

While and according to the hygiene hypothesis, a defective indigenous microflora and/or a lack of infectious agent exposure in childhood increase susceptibility to allergic diseases by suppressing the natural development of the immune system. FIGURE 1 The skin, as an immune surveillance organ, is continuously interacting with various infectious agents, such as fungi, particularly in the bacteria, viruses, and parasites, and i Abstract A major component of the adaptive immune response to infection is the generation of protective and long-lasting humoral immunity. Traditional approaches to understanding the host‘s humoral immune response are unable to provide an integrated understanding of the antibody repertoire generated in response to infection.

Adaptive immunity is critical when innate immunity is ineffective in fully eliminating infectious agents and for providing a “memory” enhanced response to repeated infection (e.g., to seasonal viruses like influenza or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]). Dainichi et al. discussed that keratinocytes can be involved in the organization of immune responses of the skin through two phases: the initiation of primary immune responses and the propagation of secondary responses; this gives rise to the loop of chronic inflammation. The objective of the present study is to review infectious diseases during outbreaks and epidemics and to investigate how disease progression is affected and modified via the mechanism of epigenetics. The associated chronic refractory courses and the poor response to therapeutic interventions will also be considered. Specifically, two diseases will be reviewed

Infection and Response Biology Infection and response biology is the study of the mechanisms by which microorganisms invade host organisms and the immune system responses that are triggered in response to infection. Understanding these processes is crucial in developing strategies for preventing and treating infectious diseases. In addition, knowledge of the immune response to infection is integral to understanding the pathogenesis the host of infectious diseases. It turns out that one of the main attributes of a successful pathogen is evading or confounding the immune system. AU – Morgado, Fernanda N. AU – Pinheiro, Roberta O. AU – Tacchini-Cottier, Fabienne PY – 2022 M3 – Editorial TI – Editorial: The Skin Immune Response to Infectious Agents JO – Frontiers in Immunology UR – https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.810059 VL –

In addition to studies or reviews dedicated to the specific pathogens cited above, Martynova et al. reviewed the inflammasome contribution to the activation of Th1, Th2, and Th17 immune responses. Inflammasomes are cytosolic polyprotein complexes formed in response to antigens of all infectious agent types.

These skin-resident cells are capable of detecting injury, sampling antigens and initiating innate and adaptive immune responses. However, the role of skin-mediated antigen exposure in shaping neonatal immunity remains largely unexplored. actions and control of the immune responses to infectious agents. Finally, I highlight the importance of studying SALT in order to better understand host-pathogen rela-tionships involving the skin and detail future directions in the immunological investi-gation of this organ, especially in light of recent findings regarding the skin immune system.

Discover intriguing facts about infectious agents, their impact on health, and how they shape our world in this comprehensive guide. Infectious agents are defined as microorganisms, including viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens, that can trigger immune responses and contribute to inflammation, leading to the activation of inflammatory cells in the host. These agents play a crucial role in the defense against infections, particularly in the respiratory tract.

The immune response is the body’s ability to stay safe by protecting against harmful agents. The response involves lines of defense against most microbes and specialized and highly specific responses to particular offenders. This immune response is either innate, nonspecific, adaptive acquired, or h Immune responses to infectious agents The immune Response to Viral Infection Viruses constitute some of the most successful pathogens responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in animal and human populations.

The causative agent, lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), a poxvirus, was first identified in the 1940s in South Africa. LSDV spreads through indirect contact, shared water sources, and arthropods, complicating control measures. The virus evolves rapidly, generating new variants under diverse selective pressures. Abstract Immune responses to infectious agents are initiated by recognition of pathogen‐associated molecular motifs (PAMPS) that are present on or in bacterial, viral, and parasitic pathogens. TITLE={Editorial: The Skin Immune Response to Infectious Agents}, JOURNAL={Frontiers in Immunology}, VOLUME={Volume 12 – 2021}, YEAR={2022}, URL={https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.810059}, DOI={10.3389/fimmu.2021.810059},

For an individual to respond appropriately and protectively to harmful stimuli they need to be able to initiate adequate inflammatory and immune responses. The inflammatory response is part of the body’s response to external stimuli and occurs when the innate protection of the skin or mucous membranes, otherwise known as the integument, is breached. Books The Skin Immune Response to Infectious Agents Fatima Conceição-Silva, Fernanda Nazaré Morgado, Fabienne Tacchini-Cottier, Roberta Olmo Pinheiro Frontiers Media SA, Oct 14, 2021 – Science Preview this book » Editorial on the Research Topic Insights in infectious agents and disease: 2021 The emergence and spread of infectious diseases with pandemic potential occurred trough human history, and were recently reviewed in the section Infectious Agents and Disease by Piret and Boivin (2021).

The five manuscripts comprising the Research Topic Cellular Immune Response and Escape Mechanisms of Intracellular Parasites described different strategies used by infectious agents to utilize host resources and machinery for their benefit and contributed to elucidating more about host pathogen interaction regulatory pathways. Author Many against infection and environmental cytokines are involved in the effector response to infectious and inflammatory harmful agents and cooperate to induce a specific regenerative environment or specific regenerative processes. In the present issue, several authors discuss the role of these immune and inflammatory factors in infectious and noninfectious skin diseases.